Hierarchical Dualism

Gig Φ Philosophy
(at-a-glance overviews of philosophical concepts)

Published July, 2022 [UPDATED: 2024]

What is it?

Hierarchical Dualism refers to an intersectional system which divides, evaluates, & ranks every aspect of human categorization; subordinating classifications traditionally associated with marginalized communities & privileging select few.

Conceptual Context

How has dualistic thinking resulted in inequality & injustice?

Eastern Philosophy:
Yin Yang

Western Philosophy:
Cartesian Dualism

Claims only TWO opposing substances exist:
MINDS & BODIES

(w/ personal identity residing in the Mind)

Value Hierarchy

Attaches normative judgment to each opposing binary, subordinating Body as "less than" the Mind

Learn More ▼

Argues dualism is not only false, ...

but justifies Essentialist subordination & oppression at the expense of body rights

TRADITIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

Mind & Body became associated with every aspect of dualistic human categorization (including race and gender) generally privileging certain intersectional identities over others (epistemically & socio-economically) by associating them with "superior" qualities / traits / characteristics.

Associations
with Intersectional Identities
(Race, gender, socio-economic status, sexual orientation, ability, ideology)

HEGEMONIC

WHITE CIS-MALE(NESS)

Historically: Upper / middle class, heterosexual, physically- & cognitively- abled, Christian (i.e., dominant religion)

NON-HEGEMONIC

(NON-WHITE) FEMALE(NESS)

Historically: Anyone viewed / labeled as being in "opposition" to / outside of the hegemony / binary 

Epistemic Associations
(Knowledge & Justified Belief)

REASON

Mind

Rationality

The Subject / "Knower"

Clear & Determinate

Knowable

Must be "sought"

EMOTION

Body

Irrationality

The Object / "to be known"

Vague & Indeterminate

Unknowable

Must be "overcome"

REAL

The Absolute

Objective Truth

Defined "in and of itself"

Given the benefit of the doubt

Extended Authority

UNRELIABLE

The Other

Subjective / Contingent Truth

Defined only relationally

Disbelieved 

Denied Authority

Metaphysical Associations
(Nature of Reality)

HUMAN

Rational Mind

Container

Agent (will / autonomy)

Can transcend animal nature

Light / Sun 

Heaven

Orderly

ANIMAL / NATURE

Emotional Body 

To be contained

Object (Sex) to be acted upon

Subject to decisions of "Man"

Dark(ness) / Moon 

Earth

Disorderly

Axiological Associations
(Values)

GOOD

Positive / Neutral

Societal "Norm" / "Ideal"

Moral / Virtuous

Regular / Expectation

Strength / Asset

Life

BAD

Negative / Limited

Qualification / Exception 

Amoral / Immoral (Sin / Vice)

Peculiar / Aberration

Weakness / Hindrance 

Death

PRIVILEGED

Superior / Master

Dominant (not most prevalent)

Reflects / Maintains status quo

Active / Doer

Independent

Conqueror / Explorer

Public = Creator of government & history (citizen)

SUBORDINATED

Inferior / Slave

Oppressed

Unconventional / Challenges status quo

Passive / to be acted upon

Dependent

To be Dominated / Keeper of household

Private = Satisfies biological / natural needs (sex object)

Disagree with the associations above? You're not alone!

Feminist Reversal of Traditional Normative Associations

While many Feminist scholars reject dualism outright, others flip the traditional axiological associations to highlight patterns of patriarchal oppression and realign that which has been historically marginalized with what should be celebrated.

HEGEMONIC

Hierarchical

Individualistic

Dismissive & Competitive 

Conservatism / Technocratic / Kleptocratic

Scarcity / Short-term mindset

Racist & Antifeminist (White Nationalist)

Homogeneity, Exclusion, & Isolationism

Patriarchal / Oppressive

Defensive / Revisionist

Rigid / Disempowering

Narrow / Simplistic

Volatility

NON-HEGEMONIC

Egalitarian

Communal

Compassionate & Collaborative 

Liberalism / Democratic / Socialist

Abundance / Long-term  mindset

Antiracist & Feminist (Social Justice)

Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion

Transformative / Subversive

Activist / Reconstructionist

Adaptive / Empowering

Broad / Holistic

Predictability / Stability